Cost Effective Precise Positioning
with GNSS

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FOREWORD

Most surveyors today are aware that data acquisition, management, analysis, presentation and controlling systems are becoming more elaborate and automated. On the other side the results to be provided need to be produced with less cost, so in a costeffective way.

The International Federation of Surveyors (FIG) Commission 5 – Positioning and Measurement, has been and remains an essential part of the surveying community. During the past three decades, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have and continue to play an increasingly important role in the profession. FIG enhances this development by facilitating GNSS sessions at their conferences, encouraging GNSS research
and education, and cooperating with sister organisations such as the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) in the respective domain. Additionally FIG Commission 5 reacts on these developments by establishing Working Groups that deal with GNSS measurement techniques (WG 5.4), the use of GNSS for 3D and vertical reference systems (WG 5.2 and WG 5.3), data fusion in multi sensor systems (WG 5.5) as well as for cost-effective positioning and measurements (WG 5.6).

This Technical Report deals with “Cost Effective Precise Positioning with GNSS” thusfocusing on GNSS as well as cost-effectiveness. There is a strong focus on precise positioning and how to reach “geodetic performance” at the least possible cost. As Chair of FIG Commission 5 – Positioning and Measurement, I thank Dr. Leonid A. Lipatnikov, Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technology, Russia and Dr. Stanislav O. Shevchuk, Aerogeophysical surveys CJSC, Russia for their efforts in compiling and creating this very detailed and impressive report.

Volker Schwieger
Chair FIG Commission 5, 2015–2018
March, 2019